COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOM m.aaiysha@gmail.com

 

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOM

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Pakistan

Poster with Discussion

Acute appendicitis still remains a global burden and a significant cause of acute abdomen necessitating urgent surgical interventions, yet its diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping clinical presentations with other abdominal pathologies. The worldwide age-standardized incidence of appendicitis is approximately 214 cases per 100,000 person–years. Despite its high prevalence, early diagnosis of appendicitis still remains challenging. Accurate and early detection is essential to prevent complications such as perforation or unnecessary surgery. Biomarkers provide a non-invasive method to improve diagnostic precision.

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to synthesize current evidence using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 2025.

The triple inflammatory markers: white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (Neu), and C-reactive protein (CRP) have limited diagnostic value when interpreted individually WBC Count: Elevated in most cases but lacks specificity. CRP: Useful in supporting diagnosis, especially after 12–24 hours of symptoms. Procalcitonin: More indicative of advanced inflammation and perforation. Calprotectin, LRG and 5HIAA show promise as emerging biomarkers, with elevated levels correlating strongly with both acute inflammation and perforation risk. While individual biomarkers have limited accuracy, combining them with clinical evaluation and imaging in diagnostic algorithms holds promise.

Biomarkers have proven to significantly accelerate the diagnostic process of acute appendicitis, offering both improved sensitivity and specificity when used appropriately. While no single biomarker currently provides conclusive diagnosis, combining multiple biomarkers with clinical judgment and imaging significantly increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce surgical errors.