PRIMARY HYDATID CYST OF THE THYROID GLAND: A RARE CASE REPORT daniyal_zahoor2009@live.com

 

PRIMARY HYDATID CYST OF THE THYROID GLAND: A RARE CASE REPORT

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Pakistan

Oral only

Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus, typically affecting the liver and lungs. Thyroid involvement is exceptionally rare, even in endemic regions, and presents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. We report a rare case of a primary hydatid cyst localized to the thyroid gland, emphasizing the importance of considering this diagnosis in patients from endemic areas with atypical neck swellings.

A 32-year-old woman, with no significant past medical history, presented with a gradually enlarging, painless right-sided neck swelling for 8 months. Clinical examination revealed a firm, mobile swelling without overlying skin changes or palpable lymphadenopathy. Laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Neck ultrasound identified a 30 mm solid-cystic nodule in the left thyroid lobe. Fine needle aspiration (FNA), performed under ultrasound guidance, revealed multiple scolices consistent with Echinococcus granulosus.

The patient underwent total thyroidectomy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a primary hydatid cyst. Further imaging ruled out other organ involvement. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and she was discharged on levothyroxine the following day. Follow-up showed no recurrence.

Isolated hydatid disease of the thyroid gland is exceedingly rare. It typically presents as a basal-cervical mass and may mimic other benign thyroid lesions. Diagnosis relies on imaging, cytology, and histopathology, especially in endemic regions. Surgery remains the definitive treatment. Increased awareness and consideration of this entity are essential for timely diagnosis and management.