TRAUMA ABDOMINAL Y GASTROINTESTINAL: ANÁLISIS DE UNA COHORTE QUIRÚRGICA EN UN HOSPITAL DE SEGUNDO NIVEL leonardoglz.bs@gmail.com

PE110

TRAUMA ABDOMINAL Y GASTROINTESTINAL: ANÁLISIS DE UNA COHORTE QUIRÚRGICA EN UN HOSPITAL DE SEGUNDO NIVEL

7

Mexico

Poster with Discussion

Gastrointestinal trauma remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in polytraumatized patients, accounting for 7–10% of such cases. Commonly injured organs include the liver, spleen, and colon. Intraperitoneal bleeding is a critical complication, often requiring prompt identification via FAST ultrasound and emergent laparotomy. Trauma can be categorized as blunt or penetrating, with blunt trauma being more prevalent.

A retrospective review was conducted using the surgical division database of HGZ 50 from January to December 2022. Included were patients who underwent surgery due to trauma during their hospital stay. Cases were filtered by surgical service, focusing on those managed by general surgery.

Out of 7,324 surgical procedures performed in 2022, 1,514 (20.67%) were trauma-related. Among these, 107 cases (1.46% of all surgeries; 7.91% of trauma cases) were managed by general surgery. A total of 78 trauma laparotomies were performed, accounting for 72.89% of abdominal trauma interventions. Injuries primarily involved the liver (28), small intestine and colon (21, with 20 anastomoses), spleen (16), and stomach (8), with five patients sustaining combined hepatic and splenic injuries. Most injuries resulted from blunt abdominal trauma. Mortality among abdominal trauma patients was 18.88% (14 cases), significantly higher than the overall surgical mortality of 0.42%.

While trauma surgeries comprise a fifth of all surgical activity, abdominal trauma accounts for less than 10%. These cases, predominantly due to high-energy blunt trauma, involve severe visceral injuries and present with high postoperative mortality, highlighting the urgent and complex nature of their management.